[Interaction of macronutrient intake and cetp gene variants in relation to metabolic syndrome and components]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between CETP [Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein] polymorphisms and macronutrient intakes in relation to metabolic syndrome [MetS] and its components

Materials and Methods: In this matched nested case-control study, 441 MetS subjects and 844 controls were selected from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary intake was determined using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Portions of DMA samples were genotyped with HumanOmniExpress-24-v1-0 bead chips [containing 649,932 SNP loci] in the Tehran cardio-metabolic genetic study

Results: Mean ages of men and women did not differ between cases and controls. Frequencies of the C [rs3764261] and A [rs5882] alleles were 62.9% and 62.1%, respectively, and did not differ in cases and controls. Compared to CC [rs3764261] genotype, low HDL-C risk was decreased in subjects with the AC+AA genotypes [P<0.001]. Interactions were observed between Mono-unsaturated fatty acids, total fat intakes and rs5882 in relation to risk of low HDL-C [Pi=0.02 and 0.05, respectively]. The risk of high blood pressure across quartiles of trans-fatty acid and cholesterol intake differed in rs5882 genotypes [Pi<0.05]

Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated no interaction between rs3764261, rs5882 polymorphisms and macronutrient intakes in relation toMetS; neither were MUFA and trans-fatty acid intakes associated with rs5882 genotypes in relation to risk of high blood pressure and low HDL-C

[Medullary thyroid cancer screening using the RET proto oncogene genetic marker]

Thyroid carcinoma including into four types papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic is the most common endocrine malignancy. Medullary thyroid carcinoma [MTC] is one of the most aggressive forms of thyroid cancer and it accounts for up to 10% of all types of this disease. The mode of inheritance of MTC is autosomal dominant and is closely related to mutations of gain of function [missense mutations] in the RET proto-oncogene, well known in MTC development. MTC occurs as hereditary [25%] and sporadic [75%] forms. Hereditary MTC also has two syndromic [multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A, B; MEN2A, MEN2B] and non-syndromic [Familial MTC, FMTC] types. Increasing advances in molecular biology, genomics, and proteomics have led to personalized therapeutic interventions. Over the last two decades, the genetic basis of tumorgenesis has provided useful screening tools for affected families. Advances in genetic screening of the RET have enabled early detection of hereditary MTCs and prophylactic thyroidectomy for relatives who may not show any symptom of the disease. In this review we emphasize the main RET mutations in the syndromic and non syndromic forms of MTC, and have tried focus on the importance of RET genetic screening for early diagnosis and management of MTC patients

[A comparison of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase gene variation among individuals with high and low HDL levels in Tehran lipid and glucose study [TLGS]]

Introduction: Disturbances in blood lipids levels are considered an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Low serum level of HDL-C is one of these disturbances. Therefore, identifying the genes effective on HDL levels is very important. The present study investigated the relationship between LCAT gene sequence alterations and serum levels of HDL-C

Materials and Methods: Using the data of phase 4 of the TLGS study, individuals with low serum HDL-C and individuals with high serum HDL-C were identified and individual aged ?15 from both groups, who had at least one first degree relative with the desired phenotype were finally enrolled in the study. For each Individual confounding factors, including BMI, age, sex, blood sugar and blood pressure, were determined. LCAT gene variants were determined through direct sequencing, and their relationship with HDL-C level was investigated in the Tehran lipid and glucose study [TLGS]

Results: In total, 15 variants were identified. Two variants of rs5923 and Q177E, with allelic frequencies of 5.87% and 4.7%, respectively, were identified in both groups, although, they were significantly higher in the low HDL subjects. Eleven variants were reported for the first time, while 4 variants had already been reported in the SNP database

Conclusions: Exon regions of the LCAT gene in Tehran's population have various gene variants. Although the prevalence of a number of single nucleotide variants of this gene was higher in individuals with low serum HDL-C, after adjustment for confounding factors, the difference was not statistically significant

[Interaction of APOC3 polymorphism and dietary fats on the risk of metabolic syndrome]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction between dietary fatty acids and the genetic variant of APOC3 rs5128 3238C>G in relation to metabolic syndrome [MetS] components in adults. In this matched nested case-control study, 755 MetS subjects and 755 controls were selected from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary intake was determined using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. APOC3 was genotyped by the conventional polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Mean ages of men and women were not different in cases and controls. The frequency of C allele was 81%, which did not differ in cases and controls or in men and women. Compared to CC genotype, low HDL-C risk was increased in women with the CG+GG genotypes and with cholesterol intakes >/=208 mg/day [OR: 1.93]. In men with the CG+GG genotypes and saturated fatty acid [SFA] intakes >/=9.8% of energy, OR of high diastolic blood pressure [BP] was 2.15[1-1.46], compared to individuals with SFA intake <9.8% of energy and CC genotype. Compared to the CC genotype, the risk of high diastolic BP was higher in men carrying the G allele and consuming mono-unsaturated fatty acid [MUFA] intakes >/=9.4% of energy. Results demonstrate a nutri-genetic interaction between rs5128 and fat intakes in relation to components of MetS; individuals with G allele carriers and higher intakes of cholesterol, MUFA or SFA had higher risk of low HDL-C and hypertension than the CC genotype

[Prevalence of human adenovirus 36 and its association with overweight/obese and lipid profiles in the Tehran lipid and glucose study]

Nowadays, obesity is a major public health problem in the most developed countries and its persistence impacts the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Compared to genetical and other behavioral factors, the viral origin of obesity has been less studied, which is why we undertook to assess the prevalence of human adenovirus 36 [Adv36] antibody and its association with obesity and lipid profiles in a Tehranian population. In this cross-sectional study, 348 individuals were selected randomly from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [TLGS]. Anthropometric, blood pressure, and biochemical factors were measured and the human Adv36 antibody was determined using the ELISA method. The prevalence of seropositive Adv36 was 61.8% [N =215], and that of anti-Adv36 was lower in overweight and/or obese subjects in comparison to non-obese ones [57.3 vs. 68.6%; p<0.05]. Children and adolescents with Adv36 seropositive had higher mean height, weight, waist, TC, LDL-C, TG, DBP, and SBP and lower HDL-C. Adv36 seropositive adults had higher mean height, weight, and TG and lower HDL-C. Despite the high prevalence of Adv36 in this Tehranian population, no significant correlation was found between Adv36 seropositivity and BMI, although, it has been associated with lipid disorders. Therefore, further research using neutralization confirmatory methods is recommended

[Association of rs10499859 A>G and rs13246513 C>T variants of CD36 gene and metabolic syndrome: TLGS]

CD36 is a key protein involved in regulating the uptake and utilization of fatty-acids in heart and skeletal muscle. The aim of this study is to assess the association between rs10499859 A>G and rs13246513 C>T polymorphisms of CD36 gene and metabolic syndrome [MetS]. In this case-control study, 140 subjects with MetS and 187 healthy ones were randomly selected from among the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study population. Biochemical and anthropometrical variables were measured, and polymorphisms were examined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Case and control groups did not differ in allele and genotype frequencies for these SNPs. Under a dominant model, A and T alleles of these SNPs were significantly associated with elevated levels of HDL-C, before age and sex adjustment [P 0.027 and 0.016 respectively]. A allele carriers had significantly increased levels of BMI compared to G allele carriers after adjustment for MetS, and under the dominant model [P=0.009]. Presence of G allele was also significantly associated with increased diastolic blood pressure [P=0.016] before adjustment for confounders, using a recessive model. The results of this study show that genetic variation of CD36 gene was associated with metabolic risk factors such as HDL-C and BMI. Although the effect of each SNP polymorphism plays a small role, it depends specifically on their interaction with environmental factors

[Studying the interaction effects of gene polymorphisms on low level of HDL over time using transition logic regression: Tehran lipid and glucose study]

As High-density lipoprotein [HDL] is directly associated with cardiovascular disease, the factors affecting the levels of this fat can be effective in reducing heart diseases. In addition to biochemical and environmental factors, genetic interactions also affect HDL level. Since polymorphism effects can be time-dependent, study of genetic interactions on HDL over time is important. In this study, we proposed Transition Logic Regression to analyze interactions in binary longitudinal data and used it to investigate polymorphism interactions related to low HDL over time. Data of 329 subjects who participated in three phases of TLGS was analyzed using the proposed model. Results showed that subjects with high triglyceride levels and increased waist circumference have an odds ratio of 2.29 [CI 95%: 1.51, 3.48] of having low HDL. Also, being in phase 2 and being a carrier of the minor allele of ApoA1M1 or being homozygous for the common allele of ApoCIII, were associated with an increased odds of having low HDL [OR= 2.30, CI 95%: 1.77, 2.99]. The odds ratio for having low HDL in male subjects with high blood pressure or being homozygous for the minor allele of SRB1 is 0.38 [CI 95%: 0.25,0.59]. Considering the identification of gene interactions in genetic studies and their importance over time, Transition Logic Regression was introduced and used to find gene interactions influencing low HDL over time and the most important models for gene interactions were identified

[Genetic association of some haplotypes to level of hdl-c, triglyceride, and waist in family members with metabolic syndrome using haplotype based association test]

Haploytpes are important elements in study of genetic associations. The haplotype based association test [HBAT] is a method to study genetic association of haplotypes with one or more traits. The test statistic in this method, which is calculated for all haplotypes, follows a standard normal distribution. In this study, in order to find the chromosomal area locus of genes affecting metabolic syndromes, the HBAT method was used to investigate the genetic association of haplotypes of some candidate microsatellites with HDL-C, triglycerides, and waist. A sum of 125 families with at least one member having metabolic syndrome according to ATPIII, and at least two members with low HDL-C levels were selected from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [TLGS]. The genetic association of HDL-C, triglycerides, and waist with haplotypes of some microsatellites of chromosome 8, 11, 12, and 16 was studied, using HBAT. Data was obtained for 125 families, consisting of 563 individuals, aged 20 years or above [269 males and 294 females]. Genetic association of the haplotype 2-2-2-2 of chromosome 8 showed significant association with HDL-C and triglycerides. Haplotypes 2-2-1 and 2-2-2 of chromosome 12 showed significant association with triglycerides. In addition, haplotype 1-1-2 of this chromosome was found to be associated with waist [P<0.05]. Researching haplotypes provides more information on genetic associations, and identification of haplotypes influencing HDL-C level, triglycerides, and waist may be helpful in designing future research aimed at determining the genes predisposing persons to metabolic syndrome.

[Logic regression analysis for finding interaction effects of genes polymorphisms and other risk factors on low HDL: Tehran lipid and glucose study]

Logic regression is a generalized regression method that can identify complex Boolean interactions of binary variables. This method has been successfully used for analyzing single-nucleotide polymorphism data, because in SNP association studies interactions are important. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between some candidate gene polymorphisms and HDL concentration using Logic Regression. Subjects for this cross sectional study, 436 subjects [172 men and 264 women] aged >/= 20 with some polymorphisms, were randomly selected from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [TLGS]. Logic regression analysis was used to identify combinations of main genetic effects and interactions associated with HDL. Cross validation and randomization test were done to avoid over fitting of the models. Cross validation test suggested that the Logic model with four Boolean combinations and four predictors was the best logic model, which after fitting, showed that individuals who carry Apoe SNP Reversed Ze 3 or have high TG have an odds ratio of 2.35 [CI 95%:1.3-4.25] for having low HDL compared to other subjects. Also subjects with high TG have odds ratio 2.73 [CI 95%: 1.65,4.53] for having low HDL. Results of this study shows that Logic Regression is a powerful method to determine the interaction effect between high TG and ApoE SNP for having low HDL

Association of the APOAI-CIII-AIV gene cluster polymorphisms with the level of lipids in Tehranian population

Changes in lipids and apo lipoproteins levels are considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The APOAI-CIII-AIV gene cluster plays an important role in regulating of the metabolism and level of lipids. The aim of this study was to elucidate the associations of five single nucleotide polymorphisms in the Apo11q cluster gene with lipid levels. A cross-sectional study of 823 subjects [340 males and 483 females] from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [TLGS] was performed. Anthropometrical and serum concentrations of TG, Chol, HDL, Apo AI, Apo AIV, Apo B, Apo CIII were measured. The segments of the APOAI-CIII-AIV gene cluster were amplified by PCR and the polymorphisms were revealed by RFLP using restriction enzymes. Allele frequencies of each SNP did not differ significantly between males and females. Genotypes and alleles distributions were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, except for Apo AI [+83C>T]. Results demonstrated a significant association between TG, HDL-C, HDL2, Apo AI and Apo B levels and the presence of some alleles in the polymorphisms studied. After haplotype analysis not only did the association between these variables and SNPs remain, but the levels of total cholesterol and LDL-C were also added. The results of the present study showed that in addition to environmental factors, genetic variations are also important in the regulation of the metabolism and level of lipids such as TG and HDL-C

[Association of apolipoprotein A-IV Gene G360T polymorphism with metabolic syndrome: Tehran lipid and glucose study]

Metabolic syndrome [MetS] is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the G360T polymorphism of apolipoprotein A-IV gene and MetS. For this cross sectional study, 782 individuals, aged >19 years, were selected randomly from among TLGS participants; these included 325 men [61 with MetS and 264 controls], and 457 women [131 with MetS and 326 controls]. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured. The Apo A-IV gene polymorphism was studied using the PCR-RFLP method by Fnh4HI restriction enzyme. Frequencies of the G and T alleles in men with MetS and those without were 85.2, 14.8, and 83.3, 16.7%, respectively, and in women with and without MetS these were 82.4, 17.6, and 85.9, 14.1%, respectively, values not significant. The GG and TT genotypes had the highest and lowest frequency, respectively [84.4% and 0.3%]. Analyses of data showed that presence of T allele was significantly associated with lower levels of HDL-C [p<0.05] in women with MetS, and with lower apolipoprotein CIII levels [p <0.05] in normal women, and higher diastolic blood pressure [p <0.05] in men without MetS. The findings of the current study showed significant effects on HDL-C levels in women with MetS. Considering the association observed between the G360T polymorphism of Apo A-IV gene and lipid factors in women with MetS and the high prevalence of this syndrome in Iranian women, further studies recommended to assess the association of Apo AIV gene variation with lipids factors for prevention and treatment of the syndrome

[Association of T2229/C exon 12 polymorphisms of thyroid peroxidase gene with anti-TPO levels in Tehran population]

Antibody secretion in human may be the result of the changes in protein structure. Probably these changes in protein structure or polymorphism in human thyroid peroxidase [TPO] gene is the reason for presence of the anti TPO. In this study, we examined the association of T2229/C exon 12 polymorphism of TPO gene in respect to anti-TPO level. In this study 168 individuals [47 +/- 2 years] were selected as case and control groups based on anti-TPO titer above and below 100 IU/L. PCR-RFLP [polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism] was used to amplify the segment of exon 12 polymorphism. In exon 12 the allele frequencies were 0.8698 for C allele and 0.1301 for T allele and there was no significant association between this polymorphism and anti-TPO level [CC=127.5 +/- 308 IU/ml vs. TT=126 +/- 224 IU/ml]. This study indicated that there is no significant association between anti-TPO levels and T2229/C exon 12 polymorphisms. Meanwhile, selected SNP of exon12 directly has no effect on anti-TPO levels

[Effects of high-fat diets based on butter or soybean, olive or fish oil on insulin resistance and plasma desacyl-ghrelin in rats

There is evidence on reciprocal effects of insulin and desacylghrelin [DAG], but associations between secretions of hormones [insulin and DAG] and saturated and unsaturated proportions of edible oils in high-fat diets have not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different sources of dietary fat and the extent of fatty acid saturation on plasma insulin and DAG levels and determine the association between DAG and insulin action in rats. Weaning male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups to be fed on one of 4 high-fat diets containing, as the source of fat, butter [HF-b], soybean oil [HB-S], olive oil [HF-O], or fish oil [HF-F]. A fifth group was put on a standard diet [SD]. Blood samples were collected after 8 weeks at non-fasting state and after a 24h fast. Body weight, food intake, and plasma parameters - glucose, insulin, DAG, and HOMA-IR, as an insulin resistance index - were measured. Body weight and food intake in the HF-S and HF-B groups were higher than in the other groups [p<0.05]. In the HF-B group the fasting insulin level and HOMA-IR were both higher as compared to the ST, HF-O or HF-F group [p<0.05]. In addition, the fasting DAG level in the HF-B group was lower than in HF-F, HF-O or ST group [p<0.05]. Finally, the HF-F group had a significantly higher DAG level than the HF-S group [P<0.05]. Diets containing polyunsaturated omega -3 and monounsaturated fatty acids cause lower weight gains and energy intakes. It is likely that these dietary fats could bring about a decrease in appetite through increasing the DAG level, thereby causing weight reduction. It is concluded, then, that they may have a role in lowering HOMA-IR or insulin level

[Allele frequency of 12 microsatellites in chromosome 8, 11, 12 and 16 in Tehran lipid and glucose study]

Most linkage and population genetic studies that use microsatellites assume that the polymorphism observed at these loci is due simply to variation in the number of units of a single repeat. These variations guide us in the study of the genetic patterns of some disease. This study reports the allele frequency of 12 microsatellites in Tehranians. Five hundred and ninety-one subjects with an average age of 39 +/- 19 years, with and without metabolic syndrome, were selected for investigation of the allele frequency of 12 microsatellites, the D8S1132, D8S1779, D8S514, D8S1743, D11S1998, D11S1304, D11S934, D12S96, D12S1632, D12S329, D16S2624 and D16S3096 using and fragment analysis technique. There are different repeats in the chromosomes studied. Chromosome 8: 10-26.2bp repeats; chromosome 11: 8.1-35bp; chromosome 12: 2-32bp and chromosome 16: 9.2-28bp. The most hetrozygote marker is D8S1132 and the least is D12S96. The most significant findings of this study is reporting allele frequency of some Short Tandem Repeats for the first time in Tehran. In this study some new alleles were found in Iranian subjects, the presence of which may be a tool for genetic association studies in the future

[Presence of the x+ allele in apolipoprotein b gene increase the total cholesterol and apolipoprotein b concentration in Tehranian people]

Lipid level variations are among the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Apolipoproteins play a the key role in lipid metabolism. In the present study the association of XbaI apolipoprotein B polymorphisms on lipid variation was examined. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 849 subjects from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study population. Blood pressure was measured and the body mass index was calculated. TG, Chol, FBS, HDL-C and its subfractions, Apo B and Apo A1 levels were measured, and LDL-C concentration was calculated. A segment of the apo B gene was amplified by PCR and the polymorphism was revealed by RFLP using XbaI restriction enzyme. Allele frequencies obtained for X+ and X- were 27.6% and 72.4%, respectively and were in the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium [HWE]. The presence of the X+ allele was significantly associated with increased total cholesterol [X+X+: 193 +/- 1.2 mg/ml vs. X-X-: 182 +/- 1.2 mg/ml, P 0.022] and apolipoprotein B [X+X+: 116 +/- 1.5 mg/ml vs. X-X-: 104 +/- 1.4 mg/ml, P 0.024]. The associations were significant even after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking, diastolic and systolic blood pressure and fasting blood sugar. The observed allele frequencies were similar to other studies. Considering the association of XbaI polymorphisms with lipids factors, it is important to examine the relationship of Apo B gene variation and similar gene with lipids metabolisms

[Association of polymorphisms G1193/C exon 8 and C2145/T exon 12 with anti-TPO titer in Iranian population]

Autoimmune thyroid diseases [AITD] are common and it is important to identify the genetic determinants. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between two polymorphisms of Thyroid Peroxidase gene [TPO] and serum level of Anti-TPO titer in an Iranian population. We selected 184 individuals from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, categorized as the Anti-TPO- [n=72] and Anti-TPO+ [n=112] groups. Inclusion criteria for cases was Anti-TPO and Anti-Tg>100U/L with a history of hypothyroidism. Anti-TPO levels in subjects were measured by the ELISA kit. Genomic DNA was extracted using Saltingout/Proteinase K method. Polymorphism detection of Exon 8 and 12 was done using the PCR-RFLP method. The PCR products were incubated with restriction enzymes SacII and BsrI, respectively. The C allele frequency of C2145/T polymorphism Exon 12 [rs732608] was observed in 71.2% of patients and in 28.8% of normal individuals. This allele was significantly associated with increased levels of Anti-TPO [[T 140 +/- 330 pmol/L; vs. C 436 +/- 380 pmol/L; P<0.001], [OR: 9.2]]. The G1193/C was not associated with the level of serum Anti-TPO in this study. We demonstrated that the C allele polymorphism in C2145/T exon 12 is associated with high levels of serum Anti-TPO and that carriers of this allele are predisposed to disease 9.2 times more than those who do not have A allele

Genetic association between metabolic syndrome and apolipoproteins

Metabolic syndrome, a collection of risk factors for cardiovascular risk factors, refers to a cluster of symptoms, the simultaneous occurrence of which in a person is more likely than the occurrence of each perse. The criteria proposed by the International Diabetes Federation for the diagnosis of this syndrome include central obesity, increased triglycerides, decreased HDL-C, hypertension, and increased fasting blood sugar. Signs of metabolic syndrome can be determined through the interconnected physical and chemical changes in the human body, genetic and environmental factors. One of the most effective factors in metabolic syndrome is change in the lipid profiles. Based on the roles of apolipoproteins in lipid metabolism, the possibility of their role in metabolic syndrome has been documented. The aim of this review is to evaluate the genetic roles of apolipoproteins in metabolic syndrome. Overall, the evidence suggests that the apolipoproteins A particularly APOA5 more associated with this syndrome. On the other hand, despite the prominent role of apolipoprotein B in fat metabolism, there is no evidence on any correlation between B-100 apolipoprotein and lipoproteins such as HDL and triglyceride levels of the symptoms of metabolic syndrome

Effect of 8 weeks endurance training with two different durations on plasma HDL and ghrelin in male rats

Nesfatin-1, a novel anorexigenic protein derived from the Nucleobindin-2 [NUCB2] gene, is expressed in adipose tissue and is found in plasma. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an eight-week endurance training regimen on nesfatin gene expression and its concentration in the male rat liver. Eleven adult Wistar male rats were used. Animals were randomly divided into the training [TS, n=6] and control [CS, n=5] groups. Training groups were given exercise on a motor-driven treadmill [0% grade, 60 min, and 5 days/week for 8 weeks, 50-55%VO2max]. Samples of liver were excised and stored in liquid nitrogen to extract nesfatin-1 mRNA, and to determine its concentration and that of glycogen by RT-PCR, ELISA and colorimetric assay respectively. Although liver nesfatin mRNA expression and its concentration were increased, changes were not significant. Also liver glycogen concentration was significantly higher in trained rats compared to controls. The results of this research showed for the first time that nesfatin-1 is first expressed in the liver as a peripheral tissue and it then changes with endurance training. The insignificant variations of nesfatin-1 in the liver might be attributed to its role in energy balance. It seems that relative improvement in the liver's energy status is influenced by nesfatin gene expression, whereas as an indicator of source ATP, was lower in trained group compared to control group

Association of A1936/G Exon 11 polymorphism of thyroid peroxidase gene with anti-TPO levels in an Iranian population

Antibody secretion in human may be the result of the changes in protein structure, or polymorphism in human thyroid peroxidase [TPO] gene that are the reason for presence of the Anti TPO. In this study we examined the association between of A1936/G exon11 polymorphism of TPO gene in respect to Anti-TPO level and in a sample population of Tehran. We enrolled 190 individuals with 47 +/- 2 y an average age of case-control groups. PCR-ARMS was used to amplify the segment of exon11 polymorphisms. In exon 11, the genotype frequencies were in conformity with the Hardy-Weinberg expectation. The results of this study show that the frequencies were 0.7298 for the G allele and 0.2710 for A allele. The presence of the G allele is significantly associated with increased anti-TPO level [GG: 238 +/- 57 IU/ml vs. AA: 74 +/- 33 IU/ml, P<0.05]. The G allele frequenc in the group with anti-TPO>100, was higher than that of the A allele. The results indicated that G allele carriers of exon 11 are exposed to increased Anti-TPO levels higher than A carriers

[Allele frequency of C-482T polymorphism in apolipoprotein CIII gene in a tehranian population: Tehran lipid and glucose study]

Apoc3, an apolipoprotein, is well known as a lipolysis inhibitor. It inhibits lipolysis by both HP and LPL activity inhibition and has been studied as a factor for hypertriglyceridemia for years. C-482T polymorphism in apoc3 gene promoter has associated with hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance, factors associated with the metabolic syndrome association factors. Subjects were randomly selected from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. A 231 bp segment of the mentioned gene was amplified by PCR and the polymorphism revealed by RFLP using the MspI restriction enzyme. Allele frequencies obtained for APOC3-482C and-482T polymorphisms were 0.653 and 0.347 respectively. Genotype frequencies were in conformity with the Hardy-Weinberg expectation. The observed genotype and allele frequencies were similar to those reported for other Caucasians samples. The data generated from this study will be of importance in the context of ongoing studies concerning the factors that influence lipid levels in Iranian populations